James River Announces Third Quarter 2018 Results

| Source: James River Group Holdings, Ltd. James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

  • Third Quarter 2018 Net Income of $19.6 million -- $0.64 per diluted share, an 89% increase over the third quarter of 2017, and Adjusted Net Operating Income of $19.4 million -- $0.64 per diluted share, an 81% increase over the third quarter of 2017

  • Year-to-date annualized Adjusted Net Operating Return on Average Tangible Equity of 15.1%
     
  • Combined ratio of 96.0%, an improvement of 3.3 percentage points over the prior year quarter
     
  • Net Investment Income of $16.4 million, an increase of 10%, or $1.5 million, over the prior year quarter

PEMBROKE, Bermuda, Nov. 07, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- James River Group Holdings, Ltd. ("James River" or the "Company") (NASDAQ: JRVR) today reported third quarter 2018 net income of $19.6 million ($0.64 per diluted share), compared to $10.4 million ($0.34 per diluted share) for the third quarter of 2017.  Adjusted net operating income for the third quarter of 2018 was $19.4 million ($0.64 per diluted share), compared to $10.7 million ($0.36 per diluted share) for the same period in 2017.

Earnings Per Diluted ShareThree Months Ended
September 30,
 2018 2017
    
Net Income 1$0.64  $0.34 
Adjusted Net Operating Income 2$0.64  $0.36 
    
1 2018 results include unrealized losses on equity securities and related taxes.
2 See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures" below.
 

Robert P. Myron, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, commented, “I am very pleased with our results this quarter, and year to date we have generated a 15.1% annualized Adjusted Net Operating Return on Average Tangible Equity.  This quarter, underwriting income was up significantly across all three segments and investment income also grew nicely.

Our two U.S. primary segments grew written and earned premium, while we continued to selectively scale back our casualty reinsurance book, staying focused on attractive pockets of opportunity.  We were again able to achieve rate increases on our core E&S renewals, which were up 2% in the quarter year over year.

During the quarter we adjusted incurred but not reported loss reserves in both the current year and the 2016 year in our commercial auto division due to the relative performance of these accident years.”

Third Quarter 2018 Operating Results

  • Gross written premium of $280.0 million, consisting of the following:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,		  
 ($ in thousands)2018 2017 % Change
 Excess and Surplus Lines$157,237  $140,425  12%
 Specialty Admitted Insurance98,607  84,838  16%
 Casualty Reinsurance24,125  113,088  -79%
  $279,969  $338,351  -17%
  • Net written premium of $173.4 million, consisting of the following:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,		  
 ($ in thousands)2018 2017 % Change
 Excess and Surplus Lines$135,141  $125,188  8%
 Specialty Admitted Insurance14,022  18,503  -24%
 Casualty Reinsurance24,278  113,073  -79%
  $173,441  $256,764  -32%
  • Net earned premium of $204.7 million, consisting of the following:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,		 
 ($ in thousands)2018 2017 % Change
 Excess and Surplus Lines$141,529  $123,606  15%
 Specialty Admitted Insurance13,898  19,324  -28%
 Casualty Reinsurance49,263  59,186  -17%
  $204,690  $202,116  1%
           
  • The Excess and Surplus Lines segment grew due to increases in its Commercial Auto division amid a rate increase on the March 1, 2018 renewal of the Company's largest contract, as well as 7% growth in core (non-commercial auto) lines gross written premium, as seven out of twelve underwriting divisions grew;
  • The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment gross written premium increased due to growth in individual risk Workers’ Compensation and fronting gross written premium, while net written premium and net earned premium decreased as a result of the October 1, 2017 inception of a third party 50% quota share reinsurance agreement on its individual risk Workers' Compensation line;
  • Gross written premium and net written premium in the Casualty Reinsurance segment decreased from that of the prior year quarter, as did net earned premium to a lesser degree.  The reduction included a shift in the renewal date of $49.5 million in premium from the third to the fourth quarter of 2018.  The balance of the reduction in gross written premium in this segment was in line with our expectations and is consistent with our planned reductions for the segment.  The Company expects gross and net written premium in this segment to decrease meaningfully for the full year 2018, but its net earned premium will lag given the earning patterns of the business, which generally extend to 24 months, and in some cases, beyond;
  • There was unfavorable reserve development of $12.2 million compared to favorable reserve development of $7.6 million in the prior year quarter (representing a 6.0 percentage point increase and 3.7 percentage point decrease to the Company’s loss ratio in each period, respectively);
  • Pre-tax (unfavorable) favorable reserve development by segment was as follows:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 ($ in thousands)2018 2017
 Excess and Surplus Lines$(10,401) $5,108 
 Specialty Admitted Insurance833  3,037 
 Casualty Reinsurance(2,651) (581)
  $(12,219) $7,564 
         
  • The unfavorable reserve development in the quarter was largely a result of $10.4 million of adverse development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, driven by the 2016 accident year in our commercial auto division.  The unfavorable reserve development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment largely related to treaties the Company no longer writes;
  • Group accident year loss ratio of 67.5% was down from 78.2% in the prior year quarter.   Accident year loss ratios were down across all segments this quarter.  The principal drivers of this decrease were an adjustment to lower the current year loss pick in our commercial auto division, along with a lack of catastrophe losses in the current quarter, as the Company's results in the third quarter of 2017 included $10 million of pre-tax net losses from Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria.  The return to normalized loss emergence in the Specialty Admitted segment and a continued shift in business mix in the Casualty Reinsurance segment also caused the current accident year loss ratio to decrease;
  • Group combined ratio of 96.0% improved from 99.3% in the prior year quarter;
  • Group expense ratio of 22.5% improved from 24.9% in the prior year quarter, driven by continued growth in lines of business which carry relatively low net expenses;
  • Gross fee income by segment was as follows:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,		  
 ($ in thousands)2018 2017 % Change
 Excess and Surplus Lines$2,998  $3,946  (24)%
 Specialty Admitted Insurance3,815  3,097  23%
  $6,813  $7,043  (3)%
           


 Fee income in the Excess & Surplus Lines segment decreased from its level in the prior year quarter as a portion of the segment’s fee for services revenue is now recorded as gross written premium.  Fee income in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment increased as a result of the continued growth of its fronting business;

Net investment income of $16.4 million, an increase of 10% from the prior year quarter.  Further details can be found in the "Investment Results" section below.

Investment Results

Net investment income for the third quarter of 2018 was $16.4 million, which compares to $14.9 million for the same period in 2017.  The increase was driven by improved book yields in the fixed maturity and bank loan portfolios due to higher market interest rates as well as an increased portfolio size.

The Company’s net investment income consisted of the following:

 Three Months Ended
September 30,		  
($ in thousands)2018 2017 % Change 
Renewable Energy Investments$329  $1,516  (78)%
Other Private Investments 1,402   800  75%
All Other Net Investment Income 14,679   12,564  17%
Total Net Investment Income$16,410  $14,880  10%
           

The Company’s annualized gross investment yield on average fixed maturity, bank loan and equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was 4.1% (versus 4.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 4.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2017) and the average duration of the fixed maturity and bank loan portfolio was 3.6 years at September 30, 2018 (versus 3.4 years at June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017).  Renewable energy and other private investments produced an annualized return of 9.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 (14.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2017).  These portfolios are concentrated and the renewable energy portion in particular can be heavily influenced by portfolio sales and valuation factors, including long term interest rates.

Taxes

Generally the Company's effective tax rate fluctuates from period to period based on the relative mix of income reported by country and the respective tax rates imposed by each tax jurisdiction.  The tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 was 11.5% and 23.8%, respectively.

Tangible Equity

Tangible equity before dividends increased 6.4% from $474.5 million at December 31, 2017 to $504.9 million at September 30, 2018, due to $52.2 million of net income and $7.2 million of option exercise activity and stock compensation.  These items were partially offset by $29.5 million of after tax unrealized losses in the Company's fixed income investment portfolio resulting from increased market interest rates.

September 30, 2018 tangible equity after dividends of $477.7 million increased 0.7% from $474.5 million at December 31, 2017 and increased 1.8% from $469.4 million at June 30, 2018.  Tangible equity per common share was $15.95 at September 30, 2018, net of $0.90 of dividends per share the Company paid during the first nine months of 2018.  The year-to-date annualized adjusted net operating income return on average tangible equity was 15.1%, which compares to 11.8% for the same period in 2017.

Capital Management

The Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.30 per common share. This dividend is payable on Friday, December 28, 2018 to all shareholders of record on Friday, December 14, 2018.

Conference Call

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. will hold a conference call to discuss its third quarter results tomorrow, November 8, 2018, at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Investors may access the conference call by dialing (877) 930-8055, Conference ID# 2288525, or via the internet by going to www.jrgh.net and clicking on the “Investor Relations” link. Please visit the website at least 15 minutes early to register and download any necessary audio software. A replay of the call will be available until 11:00 a.m. (Eastern Time) on December 8, 2018 and can be accessed by dialing (855) 859-2056 or by visiting the company website.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, such forward-looking statements may be identified by terms such as believe, expect, seek, may, will, intend, project, anticipate, plan, estimate, guidance or similar words. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.  Although it is not possible to identify all of these risks and factors, they include, among others, the following: the inherent uncertainty of estimating reserves and the possibility that incurred losses may be greater than our loss and loss adjustment expense reserves; inaccurate estimates and judgments in our risk management may expose us to greater risks than intended; the potential loss of key members of our management team or key employees and our ability to attract and retain personnel; adverse economic factors resulting in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in the frequency or severity of claims, or both; a decline in our financial strength rating resulting in a reduction of new or renewal business; reliance on a select group of brokers and agents for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships; reliance on a select group of customers for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships; changes in laws or government regulation, including tax or insurance law and regulations; the recently enacted Public Law No. 115-97, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, may have a significant effect on us including, among other things, by potentially increasing our tax rate, as well as on our shareholders; in the event we do not qualify for the insurance company exception to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules and are therefore considered a PFIC, there could be material adverse tax consequences to an investor that is subject to U.S. federal income taxation; the Company or any of its foreign subsidiaries becoming subject to U.S. federal income taxation; a failure of any of the loss limitations or exclusions we utilize to shield us from unanticipated financial losses or legal exposures, or other liabilities; losses from catastrophic events which substantially exceed our expectations and/or exceed the amount of reinsurance we have purchased to protect us from such events; potential effects on our business of emerging claim and coverage issues; exposure to credit risk, interest rate risk and other market risk in our investment portfolio; our ability to obtain reinsurance coverage at prices and on terms that allow us to transfer risk and adequately protect our company against financial loss; losses resulting from reinsurance counterparties failing to pay us on reinsurance claims or insurance companies with whom we have a fronting arrangement failing to pay us for claims; the potential impact of internal or external fraud, operational errors, systems malfunctions or cyber security incidents; our ability to manage our growth effectively; inadequacy of premiums we charge to compensate us for our losses incurred; failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); and changes in our financial condition, regulations or other factors that may restrict our subsidiaries’ ability to pay us dividends. Additional information about these risks and uncertainties, as well as others that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, is contained in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information to reflect changes in assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, or otherwise.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In presenting James River Group Holdings, Ltd.’s results, management has included financial measures that are not calculated under standards or rules that comprise accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Such measures, including underwriting profit, adjusted net operating income, tangible equity, adjusted net operating return on average tangible equity (which is calculated as annualized adjusted net operating income divided by the average tangible equity for the trailing four quarters), and pre-dividend tangible equity per share, are referred to as non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of such measures to the most comparable GAAP figures are included at the end of this press release.

About James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. is a Bermuda-based insurance holding company which owns and operates a group of specialty insurance and reinsurance companies. The Company operates in three specialty property-casualty insurance and reinsurance segments: Excess and Surplus Lines, Specialty Admitted Insurance and Casualty Reinsurance. Each of the Company’s regulated insurance subsidiaries are rated “A” (Excellent) by A.M. Best Company.

Visit James River Group Holdings, Ltd. on the web at www.jrgh.net



James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
(Unaudited)

    
    
  September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
    
 ($ in thousands, except for share data)
  
ASSETS   
Invested assets:   
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale$1,154,488  $1,016,098 
Fixed maturity securities, trading—  3,808 
Equity securities, at fair value84,827  82,522 
Bank loan participations, held-for-investment262,779  238,214 
Short-term investments40,219  36,804 
Other invested assets76,973  70,208 
Total invested assets1,619,286  1,447,654 
    
Cash and cash equivalents184,417  163,495 
Accrued investment income10,554  8,381 
Premiums receivable and agents’ balances315,287  352,436 
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses424,400  302,524 
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses18,832  11,292 
Deferred policy acquisition costs57,474  72,365 
Goodwill and intangible assets219,718  220,165 
Other assets185,466  178,383 
Total assets$3,035,434  $2,756,695 
    
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses$1,569,761  $1,292,349 
Unearned premiums394,994  418,114 
Senior debt98,300  98,300 
Junior subordinated debt104,055  104,055 
Accrued expenses47,763  39,295 
Other liabilities123,153  109,883 
Total liabilities2,338,026  2,061,996 
    
Total shareholders’ equity697,408  694,699 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$3,035,434  $2,756,695 
    
Tangible equity (a)$477,690  $474,534 
Tangible equity per common share outstanding (a)$15.95  $15.98 
Total shareholders’ equity per common share
  outstanding		$23.29  

 		$23.39 
Common shares outstanding29,950,120  29,696,682 
Debt (b) to total capitalization ratio22.5% 22.6%
  1.   See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures”.
  2.   Includes senior debt and junior subordinated debt.
   
    


James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Income Statement Data
(Unaudited)

 Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
  
 ($ in thousands, except for share data)
REVENUES       
Gross written premiums$279,969  $338,351  $871,463  $844,005 
Net written premiums173,441  256,764  573,025  622,498 
        
Net earned premiums204,690  202,116  613,842  540,880 
Net investment income16,410  14,880  45,801  45,327 
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments (a)467  (171) (407) 1,183 
Other income3,125  4,041  11,841  12,272 
Total revenues224,692  220,866  671,077  599,662 
        
EXPENSES       
Losses and loss adjustment expenses150,387  150,445  448,754  386,898 
Other operating expenses49,180  54,260  155,714  156,189 
Other expenses(131) 119  (34) 351 
Interest expense2,991  2,304  8,459  6,651 
Amortization of intangible assets149  149  447  447 
Total expenses202,576  207,277  613,340  550,536 
Income before taxes22,116  13,589  57,737  49,126 
Income tax expense2,535  3,238  5,539  5,784 
NET INCOME$19,581  $10,351  $52,198  $43,342 
ADJUSTED NET OPERATING INCOME (b)$19,402  $10,731  $53,540  $43,314 
        
EARNINGS PER SHARE       
Basic$0.65  $0.35  $1.75  $1.47 
Diluted$0.64  $0.34  $1.72  $1.43 
        
ADJUSTED NET OPERATING INCOME PER SHARE      
Basic$0.65  $0.36  $1.79  $1.47 
Diluted$0.64  $0.36  $1.77  $1.43 
        
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:       
Basic29,935,216  29,524,243  29,861,467  29,407,762 
Diluted30,380,145  30,220,077  30,290,183  30,285,733 
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.30  $0.30  $0.90  $0.90 
        
Ratios:       
Loss ratio73.5% 74.4% 73.1% 71.5%
Expense ratio (c)22.5% 24.9% 23.5% 26.7%
Combined ratio96.0% 99.3% 96.6% 98.2%
Accident year loss ratio67.5% 78.2% 71.2% 73.2%
(a) 2018 includes net realized gains of $494,000 and net realized losses of $695,000 for the change in net unrealized gains on equity securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, in accordance with the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018.
(b) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures". 
(c) Calculated with a numerator comprising other operating expenses less gross fee income of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment and a denominator of net earned premiums.
 


James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Segment Results

EXCESS AND SURPLUS LINES

 Three Months Ended
September 30,		   Nine Months Ended
September 30,		  
 2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
  
 ($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums$157,237  $140,425  12.0% $490,121  $387,424  26.5%
Net written premiums$135,141  $125,188  8.0% $432,307  $346,356  24.8%
            
Net earned premiums$141,529  $123,606  14.5% $410,627  $334,723  22.7%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses(111,292) (95,855) 16.1% (321,518) (248,944) 29.2%
Underwriting expenses(18,935) (17,805) 6.3% (56,391) (55,304) 2.0%
Underwriting profit (a), (b)$11,302  $9,946  13.6% $32,718  $30,475  7.4%
            
Ratios:           
Loss ratio78.6% 77.5%   78.3% 74.4%  
Expense ratio13.4% 14.5%   13.7% 16.5%  
Combined ratio92.0% 92.0%   92.0% 90.9%  
Accident year loss ratio71.3% 81.7%   76.1% 77.3%  
            
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".          
(b) Underwriting results include fee income of $3.0 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $11.5 million and $12.0 million for the respective nine month periods. These amounts are included in “Other income” in our Condensed Consolidated Income Statements.
 
 

SPECIALTY ADMITTED INSURANCE

 Three Months Ended
September 30,		   Nine Months Ended
September 30,		  
 2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
  
 ($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums$98,607  $84,838  16.2% $283,108  $234,073  20.9%
Net written premiums$14,022  $18,503  (24.2)% $42,327  $53,462  (20.8)%
            
Net earned premiums$13,898  $19,324  (28.1)% $41,504  $53,337  (22.2)%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses(8,246) (12,506) (34.1)% (25,283) (34,354) (26.4)%
Underwriting expenses(3,883) (5,967) (34.9)% (11,841) (16,737) (29.3)%
Underwriting profit (a), (b)$1,769  $851  107.9% $4,380  $2,246  95.0%
            
Ratios:           
Loss ratio59.3% 64.7%   60.9% 64.4%  
Expense ratio28.0% 30.9%   28.5% 31.4%  
Combined ratio87.3% 95.6%   89.4% 95.8%  
Accident year loss ratio65.3% 80.4%   66.5% 68.4%  
            
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".          
(b) Underwriting results include fee income of $3.8 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $10.9 million and $7.8 million for the respective nine month periods.
 
 

CASUALTY REINSURANCE

 Three Months Ended
September 30,		   Nine Months Ended
September 30,		  
 2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
  
 ($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums$24,125  $113,088  (78.7)% $98,234  $222,508  (55.9)%
Net written premiums$24,278  $113,073  (78.5)% $98,391  $222,680  (55.8)%
            
Net earned premiums$49,263  $59,186  (16.8)% $161,711  $152,820  5.8%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses(30,849) (42,084) (26.7)% (101,953) (103,600) (1.6)%
Underwriting expenses(16,838) (20,035) (16.0)% (54,709) (53,083) 3.1%
Underwriting profit (loss) (a)$1,576  $(2,933) - $5,049  $(3,863) -
            
Ratios:           
Loss ratio62.6% 71.1%   63.0% 67.8%  
Expense ratio34.2% 33.9%   33.9% 34.7%  
Combined ratio96.8% 105.0%   96.9% 102.5%  
Accident year loss ratio57.2% 70.1%   60.0% 66.1%  
            
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".          
           
           


RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

Underwriting Profit

The following table reconciles the underwriting profit (loss) by individual operating segment and for the entire Company to consolidated income before taxes. We believe that these measures are useful to investors in evaluating the performance of our Company and its operating segments because our objective is to consistently earn underwriting profits.  We evaluate the performance of our operating segments and allocate resources based primarily on underwriting profit of operating segments.  Our definition of underwriting profit of operating segments and underwriting profit may not be comparable to that of other companies.

    
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
  
 (in thousands)
Underwriting profit (loss) of the operating segments:       
Excess and Surplus Lines$11,302  $9,946  $32,718  $30,475 
Specialty Admitted Insurance1,769  851  4,380  2,246 
Casualty Reinsurance1,576  (2,933) 5,049  (3,863)
Total underwriting profit of operating segments14,647  7,864  42,147  28,858 
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment(6,526) (6,507) (21,264) (19,063)
Underwriting profit (a)8,121  1,357  20,883  9,795 
Net investment income16,410  14,880  45,801  45,327 
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments (b)467  (171) (407) 1,183 
Other income and expenses258  (24) 366  (81)
Interest expense(2,991) (2,304) (8,459) (6,651)
Amortization of intangible assets(149) (149) (447) (447)
Consolidated income before taxes$22,116  $13,589  $57,737  $49,126 
        
(a)  Included in underwriting results for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is fee income of $6.8 million and $7.0 million, respectively, and $22.4 million and $19.8 million for the respective nine month periods.
(b)  2018 includes net realized gains of $494,000 and net realized losses of $695,000 for the change in net unrealized gains on equity securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, in accordance with the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018.
 
 

Adjusted Net Operating Income

We define adjusted net operating income as net income excluding net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments (net realized investment gains (losses) and the change in unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities per the adoption of ASU 2016-01), as well as non-operating expenses including those that relate to due diligence costs for various merger and acquisition activities, professional fees related to the filing of registration statements for the sale of our securities, costs associated with former employees and interest and other expenses on a leased building that we are deemed to own for accounting purposes. We use adjusted net operating income as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance.  Adjusted net operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and our definition of adjusted net operating income may not be comparable to that of other companies.

Our income before taxes and net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, reconciles to our adjusted net operating income as follows:

  
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
 Income Before Taxes Net Income Income Before Taxes Net Income
  
 (in thousands)
Income as reported$22,116  $19,581  $13,589  $10,351 
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments (a)(467) (397) 171  82 
Other expenses(131) (101) 119  93 
Interest expense on leased building the Company is deemed to own for accounting purposes404  319  315  205 
Adjusted net operating income$21,922  $19,402  $14,194  $10,731 
        
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
 Income Before Taxes Net Income Income Before Taxes Net Income
  
 (in thousands)
Income as reported$57,737  $52,198  $49,126  $43,342 
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments (a)407  366  (1,183) (1,000)
Other expenses(34) 45  351  361 
Interest expense on leased building the Company is deemed to own for accounting purposes1,179  931  940  611 
Adjusted net operating income$59,289  $53,540  $49,234  $43,314 
        
(a)  2018 includes net realized gains of $494,000 and net realized losses of $695,000 for the change in net unrealized gains on equity securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, in accordance with the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018.
        

Tangible Equity (per Share) and Pre-Dividend Tangible Equity (per Share)

We define tangible equity as shareholders’ equity less goodwill and intangible assets (net of amortization).  Our definition of tangible equity may not be comparable to that of other companies, and it should not be viewed as a substitute for shareholders’ equity calculated in accordance with GAAP.  We use tangible equity internally to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure.  The following table reconciles shareholders’ equity to tangible equity for September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017, and September 30, 2017 and reconciles tangible equity to tangible equity before dividends for September 30, 2018.

      
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2017
($ in thousands, except for share data)Equity Equity per share Equity Equity per share Equity Equity per share
Shareholders' equity$697,408  $23.29  $694,699  $23.39  $720,969  $24.37 
Goodwill and intangible assets219,718  7.34  220,165  7.41  220,315  7.45 
Tangible equity$477,690  $15.95  $474,534  $15.98  $500,654  $16.92 
Dividends to shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 201827,189  0.90         
Pre-dividend tangible equity$504,879  $16.85         

 


            








        

            

                

                    
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